[c#]自定义应用程序配置文件(app.config)

1. 向项目添加app.config文件

右击项目名称,选择“添加”→“添加新建项”,在出现的“添加新项”对话框中,选择“添加应用程序配置文件”;如果项目以前没有配置文件,则默认的文件名称为“app.config”,单击“确定”。出现在设计器视图中的app.config文件为:
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
</configuration>
在项目进行编译后,在bin/Debuge文件下,将出现两个配置文件(以本项目为例),一个名为“JxcManagement.EXE.config”,另一个名为“JxcManagement.vshost.exe.config”。第一个文件为项目实际使用的配置文件,在程序运行中所做的更改都将被保存于此;第二个文件为原代码“app.config”的同步文件,在程序运行中不会发生更改。

2.  connectionStrings配置节

请注意:如果您的SQL版本为2005 Express版,则默认安装时SQL服务器实例名为localhost/SQLExpress,须更改以下实例中“Data Source=localhost;”一句为“Data Source=localhost/SQLExpress;”,在等于号的两边不要加上空格。
<!--数据库连接串-->
<connectionStrings>
<clear />
<addname="conJxcBook"
connectionString="Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=jxcbook;User                                   ID=sa;password=********"
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

3. appSettings配置节

appSettings配置节为整个程序的配置,如果是对当前用户的配置,请使用userSettings配置节,其格式与以下配置书写要求一样。
<!--进销存管理系统初始化需要的参数-->
<appSettings>
<clear />
<addkey="userName"value="" />
<addkey="password"value="" />
<addkey="Department"value="" />
<addkey="returnValue"value="" />
<addkey="pwdPattern"value="" />
<addkey="userPattern"value="" />
</appSettings>

4.读取与更新app.config

对于app.config文件的读写,参照了网络文章:http://www.codeproject.com/csharp/ SystemConfiguration.asp标题为“Read/Write App.Config File with .NET 2.0”一文。
请注意:要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件,除添加引用System.Configuration外,还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用。

4.1 读取connectionStrings配置节

///<summary>
///依据连接串名字connectionName返回数据连接字符串
///</summary>
///<param name="connectionName"></param>
///<returns></returns>
private static string GetConnectionStringsConfig(string connectionName)
{
string connectionString =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[connectionName].ConnectionString.ToString();
Console.WriteLine(connectionString);
return connectionString;
}

4.2 更新connectionStrings配置节

///<summary>
///更新连接字符串
///</summary>
///<param name="newName">连接字符串名称</param>
///<param name="newConString">连接字符串内容</param>
///<param name="newProviderName">数据提供程序名称</param>
private static void UpdateConnectionStringsConfig(string newName,
string newConString,
string newProviderName)
{
bool isModified = false;    //记录该连接串是否已经存在
//如果要更改的连接串已经存在
if (ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[newName] != null)
{
isModified = true;
}
//新建一个连接字符串实例
ConnectionStringSettings mySettings =
new ConnectionStringSettings(newName, newConString, newProviderName);
// 打开可执行的配置文件*.exe.config
Configuration config =
ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
// 如果连接串已存在,首先删除它
if (isModified)
{
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Remove(newName);
}
// 将新的连接串添加到配置文件中.
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Add(mySettings);
// 保存对配置文件所作的更改
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
// 强制重新载入配置文件的ConnectionStrings配置节
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("ConnectionStrings");
}

4.3 读取appStrings配置节

///<summary>
///返回*.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节的value项
///</summary>
///<param name="strKey"></param>
///<returns></returns>
private static string GetAppConfig(string strKey)
{
foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
{
if (key == strKey)
{
return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[strKey];
}
}
return null;
}

4.4 更新connectionStrings配置节

///<summary>
///在*.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节增加一对键、值对
///</summary>
///<param name="newKey"></param>
///<param name="newValue"></param>
private static void UpdateAppConfig(string newKey, string newValue)
{
bool isModified = false;
foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
{
if(key==newKey)
{
isModified = true;
}
}

// Open App.Config of executable
Configuration config =
ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
// You need to remove the old settings object before you can replace it
if (isModified)
{
config.AppSettings.Settings.Remove(newKey);
}
// Add an Application Setting.
config.AppSettings.Settings.Add(newKey,newValue);
// Save the changes in App.config file.
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
// Force a reload of a changed section.
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings");
}

5.加密配置文件

此节代码参照Dariush Tasdighi所著文章《Encrypt and Decrypt of ConnectionString in app.config and/or web.config!》,原文载于http://www.codeproject.com/useritems/Configuration_File.asp。
请注意:(1)要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件,除添加引用System.Configuration外,还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用; (2)以下示例代码中的DPAPI提供程序为“DataProtectionConfigurationProvider”,这是一种基于机器名和当前用户密码的加密方式。如果计划在多台服务器(Web 场合)上使用相同的加密配置文件,则只有通过 RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider 才能导出加密密钥,并将其导入其他服务器。(3)加密后的配置文件不需要解密即可用上述方法直接读取。

5.1 加密connectionStrings配置节

///<summary>
///加密配置文件中的ConnectionString节
///</summary>
///<param name="protect">true为加密,false为解密</param>
public static void ConnectionStringProtection( bool protect)
{
//取得当前程序的执行路径
string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
// 定义Dpapi提供程序的名称.
string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";

System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection oSection = null;

try
{
// 打开配置文件,并取得connectionStrings配置节.
oConfiguration =
System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);

if (oConfiguration != null)
{
bool blnChanged = false;
oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("connectionStrings") as
System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection;

if (oSection != null)
{
if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked)) && (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
{
if (protect)
{
if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
{
blnChanged = true;
// 加密connectionStrings配置节.
oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProvider);
}
}
else
{
if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
{
blnChanged = true;
// 解密connectionStrings配置节.
oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
}
}
}

if (blnChanged)
{
// 如果connectionStrings配置节被更改,则强制保存它.
oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
// 保存对connectionStrings配置节的更改.
oConfiguration.Save();
}
}
}
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
throw (ex);
}
finally
{
}
}

5.2 加密appSettings配置节

///<summary>
///加密配置文件中的AppSettings配置节
///</summary>
///<param name="protect">true为加密,false为解密</param>
public static void AppSettingProtection(bool protect)
{
//取得当前程序的执行路径
string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
// Define the Dpapi provider name.
string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";

System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection oSection = null;

try
{
// Open the configuration file and retrieve the connectionStrings section.
oConfiguration =
System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);

if (oConfiguration != null)
{
bool blnChanged = false;
oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("appSettings") as
System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection;

if (oSection != null)
{
if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked)) &&
(!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
{
if (protect)
{
if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
{
blnChanged = true;
// Encrypt the section.
oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProvider);
}
}
else
{
if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
{
blnChanged = true;
// Remove encryption.
oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
}
}
}

if (blnChanged)
{
// Indicates whether the associated configuration section will be saved even
// if it has not been modified.
oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
// Save the current configuration.
oConfiguration.Save();
}
}
}
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
throw (ex);
}
finally
{
}
}

(文/hbhecs)

本文来源:http://blog.csdn.net/hbhecs/article/details/1851185


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